A Bumbling Artist’s Guide to Encaustic Painting

A metal thermometer inserted into a yellow container on a messy work surface

ARTISTIC JOURNEYS

Temperature Tango: Wax Melting in Progress

"First things first: What is encaustic art? It's an ancient technique where you paint with molten beeswax mixed with pigments. Yep, you heard that right. We're basically making fancy, colorful candles and smearing them on boards. It's as messy and awesome as it sounds."

What is encaustic art?

A dark pan containing circular slices of white wax floating in a clear liquid
Sandpaper partially covered in white powder on a wooden surface with paint splatters

How to Be a Mad Wax Scientist: Adventures in Encaustic Art

Oh boy, let me tell you about encaustic art. It’s like being a mad scientist, but instead of bubbling potions, you’re working with hot wax. Sounds fun, right? Well, buckle up, because we’re about to dive into the weird and wonderful world of hot wax painting!

First things first: What is encaustic art? It’s an ancient technique where you paint with molten beeswax mixed with pigments. Yep, you heard that right. We’re basically making fancy, colourful candles and smearing them on boards. It’s as messy and awesome as it sounds.

Now, before you can even think about creating your masterpiece, you’ve got to prep. And by prep, I mean spend what feels like eons getting everything ready. It’s like preparing for a space mission, but instead of freeze-dried ice cream, you’re working with acrylic paint and plaster. Yum.

Step 1:

Make the gesso. Mix that acrylic  with your plaster, and voila! You’ve got a concoction that smells like wet dog and looks like lumpy milk. Appetizing, right? Slather that on your board, let it dry, sand it down. Repeat. And repeat. And… you guessed it, repeat. By the time you’re done, you’ll have arms like Popeye and the patience of a saint.

Creating a surface that the encaustic wax will adhere to is crucial. If the wax flakes off, your artwork will be a disaster. A well-prepared surface provides a stable foundation for the wax, ensuring that your masterpiece lasts for years to come.

Here are some tips for creating a suitable surface:

Use a quality gesso: A gesso made from acrylic paint and Plaster of Paris. It provides a strong, absorbent base for the wax.

      1. Apply multiple coats: The more coats of gesso you apply, the better the adhesion will be.
      2. Sand between coats: Sanding between coats helps to create a smooth surface and ensures that the next coat adheres properly.
      3. Prime with 3 coats of clear encaustic wax. Ok, Im not there yet!
A metal thermometer inserted into a yellow container on a messy work surface
A dark pan containing circular slices of white wax floating in a clear liquid

Step 2:

Create your encaustic medium. Melt some beeswax, throw in some damar resin, and baby, you’ve got a stew going! A very hot, very sticky stew that you should absolutely not eat. Trust me on this one. 

Remember, keeping the wax at the right temperature is crucial. If you overheat it to more than 80°C, the beeswax can break down, becoming brittle and losing its flexibility. This can result in cracks, discoloration, and even ruin your artwork. So, keep a close eye on your thermometer!

Now comes the fun part – actually painting! Except it’s less like painting and more like a high-stakes game of “how fast can you move before the wax cools?” It’s exhilarating, it’s frustrating, it’s… okay, sometimes it’s a total disaster. I once created a piece that was supposed to be a serene landscape but ended up looking like a wax factory exploded. Abstract art, anyone?

But when it works? Oh boy, does it work. The luminous quality of encaustic wax art is like nothing else. It’s like capturing sunlight in layers of translucent magic. I’ve made some encaustic wax abstract art that I’m pretty chuffed about – pieces that seem to glow from within, telling stories in their depth and texture.

Of course, mastering encaustic wax art techniques is a journey. One day you’re feeling like the Michelangelo of wax, the next you’re scraping off layers of what looks like solidified chicken soup. But that’s the beauty of it – every piece is an adventure.

For those brave souls interested in encaustic art for sale, just know that each piece comes with its own story of triumph, disaster, and the occasional singed eyebrow. It’s not just art; it’s a battle scar from the great wax wars.

That’s why I do not teach encaustic art, not only do you burn yourself silly, but you spend so much time prepping and with no guarantees that your artwork is actually going to work. Most people simply don’t have the patience for it. It’s also extremely expensive to make.

Let’s break down the costs:

      • Wax: Beeswax is a natural product, and its price can fluctuate depending on quality and availability. However, good quality beeswax for encaustic art isn’t cheap.
          • Encaustic Medium: R150 – R300 per 500g block
          • Beeswax: R100 – R200 per 500g block
          • Damar Resin: R150 – R250 per 500g
      • Pigments: Encaustic pigments are specially formulated to withstand the heat of the wax. These can be significantly more expensive than traditional artist’s pigments.
          • Pigments: R50 – R100 per 100g (depending on pigment type and quality)
      • Brushes: You can use specific encaustic brushes, which are designed to handle hot wax, or modify regular brushes for encaustic painting. However, even with modification, expect brushes to wear down quickly due to the heat.
      • Heating tools: You’ll need a palette or heating pan specifically designed for encaustic work. These can range in price depending on features and functionality.
          • Hot Air Gun: R1000 – R2000 (depending on brand and power)
          • Hotplate: R500 – R1500 (depending on size and features)
      • Hotplate: A hotplate is essential for melting and keeping encaustic wax at a consistent temperature. It provides a stable and controlled environment for your work.

So, while encaustic art can be incredibly rewarding, the investment in time, materials, and potential frustration is significant.

But for those interested in learning how to paint with more readily available materials and techniques, please go to my Lifeartschool and Academy website at www.lifeartschool.co.za. We offer a variety of courses designed to help you develop your artistic skills and unleash your creativity.

Happy painting!

What is Encaustic Painting

Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated wax to which colored pigments are added. The liquid or paste is then applied to a surface—usually prepared wood, though canvas and other materials are often used. The simplest encaustic mixture can be made from adding pigments to beeswax, but there are several other recipes that can be used—some containing other types of waxes, damar resin, linseed oil, or other ingredients.

Once I discovered Encaustic Wax Art, I immediately fell in love with the possibilities of this medium. Unfortunately I could not find anyone to teach me, and so began a journey of discovery which is still ongoing. During the search for information, I found out about Cold wax. Because I could not find any local teachers or materials, so I approached one of the local paint manufacturers, and together we created both the encaustic and Cold wax Medium. I love the expressive interaction with this very tactile material. You have to really get in there. In mixing Cold Wax with oils, Ive been able to use the transparency and luminosity of the wax and paint combo to create incredible visual depth.
Leonie.e.Brown
Encaustic Wax Artist
Flag is an encaustic painting by the American artist Jasper Johns. Created when Johns was 24, two years after he was discharged from the US Army, this painting was the first of many works that Johns has said were inspired by a dream of the U.S. flag in 1954. It is arguably the painting for which Johns is best known

Encaustic Painting

Encaustic wax has many of the properties of oil paint: it can give a very brilliant and attractive effect and offers great scope for elegant and expressive brushwork. The practical difficulties of using a medium that has to be kept warm are considerable, though. Apart from the greater sophistication of modern methods of heating, the present-day technique is similar to that described by the 1st-century.

Encaustic Basics

The most significant difference between encaustic and cold wax is that, while with encaustic painting the wax must be molten to work with, and then reheated (fused) once it is applied to the surface, in cold wax painting there is no heat involved.

Heat guns or blow tortches are hand-held and are used to fuse each layer to the one before, as well as for reheating the paint while it is on the surface. This allows the paint to be manipulated by a brush or a palette knife while you work.

What is Encaustic?

The paint is like a satin enamel

Encaustic is a Greek word meaning “to heat or burn in” (enkaustikos). Heat is used throughout the process, from melting the wax and varnish to fusing the layers of wax. Encaustic consists of wax and resin (crystallized tree sap). The medium can be used alone for its transparency or adhesive qualities or used pigmented. Pigments may be added to the medium, or purchased colored with traditional artist pigments. The medium is melted and applied with a brush or any tool the artist wishes to create from. Each layer is then reheated to fuse it to the previous layer.

The paint cools and hardens almost as soon as it touches the support, this can allow for only very short brush strokes. It is quite different from using oils and can be quite jarring to use a medium that moves so quickly between liquid and solid. A heat gun is an essential tool for extending the liquid working time of the paint, as well as ensuring the adhesion of the wax to the previous layer. Holding the heat tool in one hand, and a paintbrush in the other, allows me to brush out the paint and blend colours together. After adding a few layers of paint, the subsequent layers will remain liquid for longer—presumably because the heat tool has warmed the support.

Even when the paint has solidified on the support, it remains workable. Encaustic painting gives a new meaning to the idea of painting “sculpturally”—you can work in relief, by building up layers of thick texture without the worry of previous layers being disturbed.

A very important part of encaustic painting is fusing the wax layers. Each time you put a layer of wax down, you will fuse the wax, gently, with a heat gun. Using a heat gun takes some practice, but essentially you’ll want to “brush” a low flame back and forth over the entire board. This creates a bond between the layers of wax, smoothing over any uneven texture.

Care of Encaustic Art

These paintings are extremely archival, but as with any fine art, care should be given to them. There should be no fear of the work melting in normal household conditions. The wax and resin will not melt unless exposed to temperatures over 150 degrees Fahrenheit. Leaving a painting in a car on a hot day would not be advisable or hanging a painting in front of a window with direct desert-like sun. They are also sensitive to freezing cold temperatures.

Some encaustic colors tend to “bloom” or become cloudy over time. If your painting appears indistinct, simply rub the surface with a soft cloth or nylon stocking. Over time the surface retains its gloss as the wax medium continues to cure and harden for up to 1-3 years.

Sneak Peak on Encaustics

The unique sensitivity and physicality of encaustic wax is unlike any other medium

Insight Into the Artist

Thoughts on Art

[bctt tweet=”The creative spirit must acknowledge no limitations except that of the greatest creator of all…God. ​”]

[bctt tweet=”Most people are predisposed to failure. Do you see the glass half empty or half full? Its the same glass. ​”]

[bctt tweet=”In many cases the inability to start a painting (or anything) is the fear of failure. Real artists face their fear every day ​​”]

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Repair and restoration of encaustic artworks benefits from the fact that the encaustic medium is unchanged: a mix of dammar resin and filtered beeswax, the mixture can be reapplied to an artwork for preservation without changing the work. 

The weight and mass of encaustic artwork demands a structure that can support the heavy weight.

But even hardwood panels can crack over time if not properly prepared and supported. Cracking in a wooden support can be minimised by adding a new wooden backing material. Any encaustic works on textile or canvas have a shorted lifespan, but conservationists can re-back them with wooden support panels and retain the original textile support.

Inclusions and collage materials chosen by the artist may or may not have been acid free and of archival quality materials. If materials included in the artwork, such as old newspapers and letters, have begun to change or deteriorate due to acid in the materials, reapplying encaustic medium to the surface and making sure the structural backing is intact can reduce the exposure to the pieces to the environment. But it may be in the nature of a particular piece for the changing condition of inclusions to be part of the artwork. If original inclusions are removed and replaced, the value of the artwork is impacted.

The surface of encaustic is unique, and the luminosity, light, and depth of the surface is what draws collectors and curators to the form.

The wax can bloom a cloudiness for the first six months, and depending on the thickness of the application, some smaller cloudiness can be observed for up to three years. Gently buffing of the surface in a circular pattern with a soft cotton cloth, such as an old diaper, removes the surface cloudiness in the early life of the artwork. The surface is also cleaned the same way if dust is noted. 

a glimpse into the studio

The versatility and raw artistic talent of Leonie.e.Brown has been recognized and celebrated at a very early stage in this prolific painter’s career. At the tender age of twenty-two she has already won the prestigious 1986 Volkskas Atelier Fine Art Award, in addition to both the Schweicherd and Gregoire Boonzaaier Art Bursaries the year before.

Sneak Peak on Encaustics

The magic of Encaustic Wax

The surface of the painting is made up of layers of oils, inks and wax, which give the finished work a three dimensional quality. 

A sense of seeing through the top layer into hidden messages and layers below.

The layering give the work a softness and richness that invites the viewer to look closer and to experience the satin smooth surface through touch,. The wax layers get more and more translucent through the warmth emanating from the exploring human hand. The viewers becomes a part of the slow change and clarity of the painting…as if the message is rising from the depth of the hidden soul to the surface of the mind There is a strange ethereal beauty in these paintings, as if they were made from air.

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